This occurs when a person deeply inhales and then holds his/her breath during strenuous activity, as in lifting weights or shoveling snow. The glottis is closed against pressure. This causes an increased thoracic pressure which interrupts venous return to the heart, blood flow to the coronary arteries, and oxygen supply to the brain. In healthy individuals, this may result in dizziness, slowing of the heart beat, or temporary loss of consciousness. For the individual predisposed to cardiovascular disease, the Valsalva maneuver could trigger cardiac arrest and result in death. Therefore, proper breathing techniques are essential during heavy exercise.
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